Absolute pitch

 source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_pitch

Absolute pitch (AP)[絕對音感], widely referred to as perfect pitch, is the ability of a person to 
identify or recreate a musical note without the benefit of an external reference.

Physically and functionally(功能), the auditory system of an absolute listener does not appear to be measurably different from a non-absolute listener.Rather, "AP perception is not dependent on a special kind of ear; it reflects a particular ability to analyze frequency information, presumably involving high-level cortical processing. 

Absolute pitch is an act of cognition, needing memory of the frequency, a label for the frequency (such as "B-flat"(B大調)), and exposure to the range of sound encompassed by that categorical label. Absolute pitch may be directly analogous to recognizing colors, phonemes (音素)(speech sounds) or other categorical perception of sensory stimuli.

Just as most people have learned to recognize and name the color blue by the frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation that is perceived as light, it is possible that those who have been exposed to musical notes together with their names early in life will be more likely to identify, for example, the note C. 

Absolute pitch, however, may be genetic, possibly an autosomal dominant genetic trait,though it "might be nothing more than a general human capacity whose expression is strongly biased by the level and type of exposure to music that people experience in a given culture."

絕對高音，被廣泛稱為絕對音感，是以個人的能力來確定或重新設定一個音符沒有外部參考利益。

身體或功能上，絕對音感的聽力系統似乎不可以測定的程度不同於一個非絕對的聽者，美聯社的看法是不依賴於一種特殊的耳朵，它反映了一個特定的頻率分析能力的信息，大概涉及高層次皮質處理。
絕對音感是一種認知行為，需要內存的頻率，標籤的頻率（如“降B大調”），和接觸範圍的聲音明確包含該標籤。絕對音高可直接識別顏色相似，音素（音位）或其他明確的看法，感官刺激。
正如大多數人已經學會承認和命名的顏色藍色的頻率的電磁輻射被認為是輕，很可能那些誰曾暴露於音符連同他們的名字早在生活將會更加容易識別。
絕對音感，可能是遺傳性的，可能是常染色體顯性遺傳特徵，儘管它可能只是一個一般的人以他們的經驗，在特定的文化表達的能力，其表達強烈的偏見的水平和類型的接觸音樂。