Cappella

Cappella(無伴奏合唱團)

Source : http://musicalcrematorium.blogspot.com/2004/08/cappella-origin-confusion.html

According to The Harvard Dictionary of Music Fourth Edition edited by Don Randel, the term a cappella pertains to choral music without instrumental accompaniment. The word a cappella is derived from the word chapel, and until the 19th century, a cappella was applied only to sacred choral music. Although a cappella pertains to choral music without instrumental accompaniment, Grove Music Online states that “in 17th– and 18th- century Germany ‘Kapelle’ could mean either the singers and organist of a church, or the singers and instrumentalists of a court”.



根據哈佛音樂詞典第四版主編唐蘭德爾，在任期內無伴奏合唱音樂涉及到沒有樂器伴奏。無伴奏合唱一詞源於單詞教堂，直到19世紀，清唱是只適用於神聖的合唱音樂。雖然無伴奏合唱涉及到合唱音樂伴奏下，格羅夫音樂在線指出：在17和18世紀德國的卡佩勒，可能意味著無論是歌手和管風琴的教堂，或歌手和器樂法院。

Lullaby

Lullaby(搖籃曲)

Source : http://www.buzzle.com/articles/lullabies.html

The concept of lullaby originated in England with the idea of lulling a child to sleep. It is usually accompanied with a melodious tune that helps promote the basic aims of these songs, to put babies to sleep and to relax restless infants. Infants cannot comprehend the lyrics of lullabies but yet the tune makes them feel relaxed and heavenly.

搖籃曲的概念起源於英國的想法是使孩子平靜的睡覺。它通常伴隨著一個動人的調整，有助於促進這些基本目標的歌曲，用於在睡眠和放鬆不安的嬰兒。嬰兒無法理解搖籃曲的歌詞，不過可以調整他們睡眠感覺輕鬆就像在天上。

Baroque

Baroque(巴洛克)

Source : http://www.dovesong.com/positive_music/archives/baroque/about_baroque.asp

The Baroque Era began at the end of the 16th century and lasted to about 1750. This era reflects a period of time when great changes occurred in music and culture. The Baroque era artistically bridged the gap between the spiritually pure music of the renaissance era and the formalized music of the classical era. The music of the early baroque was composed in a style that was very similar the music of the renaissance era. The baroque era culminated with the exalted music of J.S. Bach, whose three sons were among the first exponents of the new music of the classical era: the era that followed the baroque. The Bach sons greatly influenced classical-era composers Haydn and Mozart.



巴洛克時代從16世紀開始到結束，持續了約1750年。這個時代，反映一個時期的音樂和文化發生了很大變化。巴洛克時代的藝術橋之間的差距精神上，純音樂文藝復興時代正式音樂的古典時代。音樂早期巴洛克組成的風格，與音樂文藝復興時期是非常相似的。巴洛克時代的崇高、高潮與巴赫的音樂，他的三個兒子是最早倡導者的新音樂的經典時代：時代之後的巴洛克式。巴赫的兒子，極大地影響古典時期的作曲家海頓和莫扎特

Jazz

Jazz(爵士)

Source : http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0859011.html

Jazz developed in the latter part of the 19th cent. from black work songs, field shouts, sorrow songs, hymns, and spirituals whose harmonic, rhythmic, and melodic elements were predominantly African. Because of its spontaneous, emotional, and improvisational character, and because it is basically of black origin and association, jazz has to some extent not been accorded the degree of recognition it deserves. European audiences have often been more receptive to jazz, and thus many American jazz musicians have become expatriates.



爵士百分之十九發達於後期。 非洲國家的節奏和旋律要素主要是黑人勞動歌、現場叫喊聲、悲傷的歌曲、讚美詩和靈的和諧。由於其自然，情感和即興的性格，因為它基本上是黑的起源和結社，爵士在一定程度上未獲承認的程度。歐洲觀眾往往更容易接受爵士樂，因此許多美國爵士樂手，已成為外籍人士。

MIDI

MIDI(樂器數碼介面)

Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_Instrument_Digital_Interface

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is an industry-standard protocol defined in 1982 that enables electronic musical instruments such as keyboard controllers, computers, and other electronic equipment to communicate, control, and synchronize with each other. MIDI allows computers, synthesizers, MIDI controllers, sound cards, samplers and drum machines to control one another, and to exchange system data. MIDI does not transmit an audio signal or media it transmits "event messages" such as the pitch and intensity of musical notes to play, control signals for parameters such as volume, vibrato and panning, cues, and clock signals to set the tempo. As an electronic protocol, it is notable for its widespread adoption throughout the music industry. The first MIDI was invented by Clestin New.



MIDI(樂器數碼介面)使電子樂器在1982年是一種行業標準協議定義，例如鍵盤控制器、電腦及其他電子設備進行通信和同步進行控制。MIDI允許電腦、合成器、MIDI控制器、聲卡、取樣器和鼓機的控制權，並交換系統數據。MIDI不傳輸音頻信號或媒體發送的“事件消息”，例如音調和強度音符發揮，控制信號的參數，如體積、顫音和平移，暗示和時鐘信號設置的節奏。作為一個電子協議，值得注意的是其廣泛採用在整個音樂產業。第一個MIDI是Clestin New發明的。

Absolute pitch

 source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_pitch

Absolute pitch (AP)[絕對音感], widely referred to as perfect pitch, is the ability of a person to 
identify or recreate a musical note without the benefit of an external reference.

Physically and functionally(功能), the auditory system of an absolute listener does not appear to be measurably different from a non-absolute listener.Rather, "AP perception is not dependent on a special kind of ear; it reflects a particular ability to analyze frequency information, presumably involving high-level cortical processing. 

Absolute pitch is an act of cognition, needing memory of the frequency, a label for the frequency (such as "B-flat"(B大調)), and exposure to the range of sound encompassed by that categorical label. Absolute pitch may be directly analogous to recognizing colors, phonemes (音素)(speech sounds) or other categorical perception of sensory stimuli.

Just as most people have learned to recognize and name the color blue by the frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation that is perceived as light, it is possible that those who have been exposed to musical notes together with their names early in life will be more likely to identify, for example, the note C. 

Absolute pitch, however, may be genetic, possibly an autosomal dominant genetic trait,though it "might be nothing more than a general human capacity whose expression is strongly biased by the level and type of exposure to music that people experience in a given culture."

絕對高音，被廣泛稱為絕對音感，是以個人的能力來確定或重新設定一個音符沒有外部參考利益。

身體或功能上，絕對音感的聽力系統似乎不可以測定的程度不同於一個非絕對的聽者，美聯社的看法是不依賴於一種特殊的耳朵，它反映了一個特定的頻率分析能力的信息，大概涉及高層次皮質處理。
絕對音感是一種認知行為，需要內存的頻率，標籤的頻率（如“降B大調”），和接觸範圍的聲音明確包含該標籤。絕對音高可直接識別顏色相似，音素（音位）或其他明確的看法，感官刺激。
正如大多數人已經學會承認和命名的顏色藍色的頻率的電磁輻射被認為是輕，很可能那些誰曾暴露於音符連同他們的名字早在生活將會更加容易識別。
絕對音感，可能是遺傳性的，可能是常染色體顯性遺傳特徵，儘管它可能只是一個一般的人以他們的經驗，在特定的文化表達的能力，其表達強烈的偏見的水平和類型的接觸音樂。

Maurice Jarre

Maurice Jarre

Date of birth: 1924 / 09 / 13 (Dead date: 2009 / 03 / 29)

Maurice Jarre (13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009)was a French composer(作曲家) and conductor.(指揮家)Although he composed several concert works, he is best known for his film scores for motion
pictures, particularly those directed by David Lean: Lawrence of Arabia (阿拉伯勞倫斯)(1962), Doctor Zhivago (1965), and A Passage to India (1984). All three of these scores won Academy Awards. Other notable scores of his include The Message (1976), Dead Poets Society (死亡詩社)(1989) and Ghost (第六感生死戀)(1990). Jarre was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.(好萊塢星光大道)His U.K. singles chart record so far reads as thus. Three hits and forty two weeks on the chart with the biggest being 'Somewhere My Love' by the Michael Sammes Singers with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster reaching number fourteen in 1966 and spending thirty eight weeks on the chart.

2000--《夢遊非洲》I Dreamed of Africa
1999--《陽光情人》Sunshine
1997--《日日夜夜》Jour et la nuit, Le (aka., Day and Night)
1996--《追日雙雄》The Sunchaser
1995--《漫步在雲端》A Walk in the Clouds
1993--《劫後生死戀》Fearless
1993--《伴我情深》Mr. Jones
1992--《狼影傳奇》Shadow of the Wolf
1992--《校園風雲》School Ties
1992--《落陽》Rakuyô (aka., The Setting Sun)
1991--《愛你多一些》Only the Lonely
1990--《桃色吸引力》After Dark, My Sweet
1990--《第六感生死戀》Ghost
1989--《敵人，一個愛的故事》Enemies: A Love Story
1988--《迷霧森林十八年》Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey
1987--《朱麗葉和朱麗葉》Giulia e Giulia (aka., Julia and Julia)
1987--《花轎淚》Palanquin des larmes, Le
1982--《醫生也瘋狂》Young Doctors in Love
1980--《復活》Resurrection
1977--《前進或死亡》March or Die
1973--《諜海龍虎鬥》The MacKintosh Man
1965--《蝴蝶春夢》The Collector
1961--《西非探奇》The Big Gamble

Mamma Mia!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamma_Mia!

Mamma Mia! is a jukebox musical with a book by British playwright Catherine Johnson, based on the songs of ABBA, composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, former members of the band. It was an early example of the jukebox musical genre and helped to popularize the form. Although the title of the musical is taken from the group's 1975 chart-topper Mamma Mia, the plot is fictional, not biographical.

The musical includes such hits as "Super Trouper", "Dancing Queen", "Knowing Me, Knowing You", "Take A Chance On Me", "Thank You for the Music", "Money, Money, Money", "The Winner Takes It All", "Voulez Vous", "I Have a Dream" and "SOS". It had been seen by over ten million people worldwide as of July 2003. Estimates in 2007 bring the number to 30 million.[citation needed] Since its opening in 1999, the production has grossed US $2.0 billion in earnings.

媽媽咪呀！是個點唱機音樂的一本書，是英國劇作家凱瑟琳約翰遜的創作。歌曲組成，由前樂隊的成員尼安德森和比約烏爾法厄斯。這是一個早期例子，是點唱機的音樂風格，並幫助推廣形式。雖然標題音樂是來自該集團1975年的單曲媽媽咪呀，劇情是虛構的，而不是傳記。

音樂劇包括主打“超級馬戲團員”，“舞后”，“認識我，了解你”，“給我個機會”，“謝謝你的音樂”，“錢，錢，錢”，“勝者為王“，” 你想嗎“，”我有個夢“和”求救訊號“。它被視為超過1000萬人在全球的2003年7月，估計帶來3000萬美元。開幕以來，1999年，生產票房20億美元的收益。

Music genre

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre

A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other types of music.

Some treat the terms genre and style as the same, and state that genre should be defined as pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language". Others state that genre and style are two separate terms, and that secondary characteristics such as subject matter can also differentiate between genres.[3] A music genre (or sub-genre) could be defined by the techniques, the styles, the context and the themes (content, spirit). Also, geographical origin sometimes is used to define the music genre, though a single geographical category will normally include a wide variety of sub-genres.

一個音樂類型明確的構造，確定了音樂的聲音是屬於特定類別和類型的音樂，可區別於其他類型的音樂。
 
一些治療條件流派和風格相同的，指出體裁應定為作品的音樂，分享某種風格或”基本音樂語言“。其他國家的流派和風格是兩個不同的條款，而中學等特點，題材也可以區分類型。音樂流派（或子類型）可以定義的技術，風格，背景和主題（內容）的精神。此外，地理來源有時是用來定義的音樂風格，但一個地理類通常包括多種多樣的子類型。

Secular music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_music

Secular music is non-sacred music that developed in the Medieval period and was used in the renaissance . Renaissance musicians wrote a lot of secular music. Swaying authority from the church that focused more on Common Law influenced all aspects of Medieval life, including music. Secular music in the Middle Ages included love songs, political satire, dances, and dramatic works. Drums, harps, recorders, and bagpipes were the instruments used in secular music because they were easy for the traveling musicians to tote around. Instruments were taught through oral tradition and provided great dancing music and accompanied the stanzas well. Words are a large part of secular music so that common people can sing songs together for entertainment. Music styles were changed by secularization. These poems contain clever rhyme-schemes, varied use of refrain-lines or words, and different metric patterns.

世俗音樂的非宗教音樂，發達在國家中世紀，文藝復興時期。文藝復興時期的音樂家寫了很多世俗音樂。搖擺不定的權力來自教會，更注重以普通法為各個方面的影響，中世紀的生活，包括音樂。世俗音樂在中世紀，包括情歌，政治諷刺，舞蹈和戲劇作品。鼓，豎琴，錄像機和風笛是使用的工具。世俗音樂因為容易流傳，儀器通過口頭傳統被教導，伴隨著良好的敘述，提供了巨大的音樂和舞蹈。語言在世俗音樂裡佔很大的部份，讓一般人可以唱歌，一起娛樂。音樂風格，改變了世俗化。這些詩韻包含聰明，計劃，避免使用不同文字以及不同的度量方式。

Minimalism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist

Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post-World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Robert Morris, and Frank Stella. It is rooted in the reductive aspects of Modernism, and is often interpreted as a reaction against Abstract expressionism and a bridge to Postmodern art practices.

The terms have expanded to encompass a movement in music which features repetition and iteration, as in the compositions of Steve Reich, La Monte Young, Philip Glass, John Adams, and Terry Riley.

The term "minimalist" is often applied colloquially to designate anything which is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has also been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and even the automobile designs of Colin Chapman.

極少運動主義描述各種形式的藝術和設計，尤其是視覺藝術和音樂，那裡的工作被剝離到其最根本的特徵。作為一種特定的藝術運動，是認同發展後，第二次世界大戰西方藝術，最強烈的視覺藝術與美國在60年代末和70年代初。著名藝術家與此相關的運動包括唐納德賈德，艾格尼絲馬丁，羅伯特莫里斯，以及斯特拉。它是植根於現代主義還原方面，通常解釋為反應對抽象表現主義和後現代藝術的橋樑做法。

範圍已擴大到包括運動功能，在音樂的重複和循環，如組成的史蒂夫賴希，拉蒙楊，菲利普格拉斯，約翰亞當斯和特里萊利。

術語“最低限度”，往往是應用俗稱指定任何這是備用或剝奪其本質。它也被用來描述戲劇和塞繆爾貝克特的小說，電影的羅伯特布萊松的故事雷蒙德卡弗，甚至汽車設計科林查普曼。

Gagaku

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagaku

Gagaku (literally "elegant music") is a type of Japanese classical music that has been performed at the Imperial court for several centuries. It consists of three primary bodies:

1. Native Shintoist religious music and folk songs and dance, called kuniburi no utamai

2. A Goguryeo and Manchurian form, called komagaku (named for Koma, one of the Three Kingdoms)

3. A Chinese and　South Asia form (specifically Tang Dynasty), called togaku.

Gagaku, like shomyo, employs the Yo scale, a pentatonic scale with ascending intervals of two, three, two, and two semitones between the five scale tones.

雅樂（高雅音樂）是一種日本古典音樂的類型，已完成的朝廷幾個世紀。它有三個主要機構：

本機神道教的宗教音樂和民族歌曲和舞蹈，叫kuniburi沒有utamai

阿高句麗和滿洲的形式，稱為komagaku（命名為救命，一三國）

阿中和南亞的形式（特別是唐朝），稱為togaku

雅樂，如稱名，採用了規模五聲音階與上升每隔兩，三，二，兩個半音5級之間的色調。

Experimental music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_music

Experimental music refers, in the English-language literature, to a compositional tradition which arose in the mid-twentieth century, particularly in North America, and whose most famous and influential exponent was John Cage. More loosely, the term "experimental" is used in conjunction with genre names to describe music within specific genres that pushes against their boundaries or definitions, or else whose approach is a hybrid of disparate styles, or incorporates unorthodox, new, distinctly unique ingredients. Similarly, it has sometimes been used to describe "transethnic" music: the mixture of recognizable music genres. A quite distinct sense was current in the late 1950s to describe computer-controlled composition, and the term at that time also was sometimes used for electronic music and musique concrète. "Experimental music" has also been used in music journalism as a general term of disapprobation for music departing from traditional norms.

實驗音樂是指在英文語言文學，傳統興起於20世紀中葉，特別是在北美其最著名，影響最大的是約翰凱奇。術語“實驗”用於同類型的名稱，來描述在特定類型的音樂針對其範圍或定義，否則，其方法是一種混合型的不同風格，或採用非傳統的，新的，獨特的明顯成分。同樣，有時被用來形容“transethnic”音樂：混合識別音樂流派。一種完全不同的感覺，是目前在50年代末來描述計算機控制的組成和任期，當時也有用於電子音樂和音樂學院的具體。 “實驗音樂”也被用於音樂新聞，作為一般長期的非難音樂偏離傳統規範。

Classical music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music

Classical music is the mainstream music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period.

European music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitch, speed, meter, individual rhythms and exact execution of a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices, such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, that are frequently heard in non-European art music (compare Indian classical music and Japanese traditional music) and popular music.

The public taste for and appreciation of formal music of this type waned in the late 20th century, in the United States and United Kingdom in particular. This period has seen classical music falling behind the immense commercial success of popular music, although the number of CDs sold is not the only indicator of the popularity of classical music.

古典音樂是一個廣義的術語，通常指的是主流音樂製作，或植根於傳統的西方禮儀和世俗音樂，涵蓋廣泛的時期大約從公元9世紀到當今時代。中央規範的這一傳統開始編纂1550和1900年，即所謂的共同做法時期。

歐洲音樂主要是區別於其他許多非歐洲和流行音樂的形式在其工作人員的符號系統，使用自十六世紀。西方員工所使用符號作曲家明訂的表演場上，個別的節奏和準確執行一塊音樂。使空間更小的做法，諸如即興和自由採食裝飾，經常聽到的是在非歐洲藝術音樂（古典音樂比較，印度和日本的傳統音樂）和流行音樂。

為市民口味和欣賞音樂正式這種類型的消退，在二十世紀末期，美國和英國尤其如此。這一時期出現的古典音樂落後巨大商業成功的流行音樂，雖然光盤的銷售數量不是唯一指標的普及古典音樂。

Musician

A musician(音樂家) is a person who performs or writes music.
Musicians can be classified(分類) by their roles in creating or performing music


音樂家(musician)是指從事編寫音樂、表演音樂等相關的行業，
亦以其演奏的方式或是表演的形式來作多種分類(classified)。

Notre-Dame de Paris

source :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris_(musical)

Notre-Dame de Paris : 鐘樓怪人


Notre Dame de Paris is a French-Canadian musical which debuted(推出) on 16 September 1998 in Paris. It is based upon the novel Notre Dame de Paris by the French novelist Victor Hugo. The music was composed by Riccardo Cocciante (also known as Richard Cocciante) and the lyrics are by Luc Plamondon.




Since its debut, it has played throughout France, South Korea, Belgium, Switzerland and Canada. A shorter version in English was performed in 2000 in Las Vegas, Nevada (USA) and a full-length London production, also in English, ran for seventeen months. Popular songs from the show, such as Belle and Le temps des cathédrales have also been translated into Belarusian, Catalan, Czech, German, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and English.



“Notre Dame de Paris”, according (根據)to the Guinness Book of Records(紀錄), had the most successful first year of any musical ever. The score has been recorded at least seven times to date (2007): the original(原始) French concept album(概念專輯), which featured(特色) Israeli singer(以色列歌手) Achinoam Nini (aka Noa) as Esméralda was followed by a live, complete recording of the original Paris cast. A complete recording of the score in Italian was made, along with a single disc of excerpts(摘錄) in Spanish from the Madrid production(馬德里生產) . The original London cast album featured several of the original Paris stars, but only preserved a fraction of the score in English. The orchestral group I Fiamminghi recorded a CD of melodies from the score. A complete set of instrumental backing tracks has also been released.

鐘樓怪人是在1998年9月16日開張在巴黎的法裔加拿大人的音樂會。 它根據新穎的鐘樓怪人由法國小說家Victor Hugo。 亦稱音樂是由Riccardo ・ Cocciante (理查Cocciante)組成的，並且抒情詩是由呂克·普拉蒙東 。 從它的首演，它遍及法國、南韓、比利時、瑞士和加拿大使用了。 一個短文版用英語在2000年執行了在拉斯維加斯，內華達(美國)，並且全長倫敦生產，也用英語，跑了十七個月。 從展示的普遍的歌曲，例如佳麗和樂宮cathédrales臨時工· 也被翻譯了成白俄羅斯語、加泰羅尼亞語、捷克、德語、立陶宛語、波蘭語、俄語和英語。




「鐘樓怪人根據吉尼斯世界紀錄的」，有最成功的第一年其中任一音樂會。 迄今被記錄了至少七次(2007) ： 原始的法國概念冊頁，以以色列歌手阿齊諾阿姆妮妮  (aka Noa)為特色， "埃斯梅拉達" 由原始的巴黎塑像，完全錄音跟隨。 比分的完全錄音用意大利語與節錄一起一個唯一圓盤被做了，馬德里由西班牙語生產。 原始的倫敦塑像冊頁以數原始的巴黎星為特色，但是只保存了一小部分比分用英語。 管弦樂隊的小組菲亞明吉 記錄了曲調CD從比分的。 也發布了有助依托軌道一個完整集。

Carmen

source : http://www.roh.org.uk/whatson/production.aspx?pid=10911
             http://www.music.lv/opera/carmen/en.htm

Carmen(卡門)


Carmen is not only one of the most popular and most performed(演出) operas ever, it is also one of the worst cliches(陳腔濫調) in opera history. It does not really matter(事件) in which country you attend(出席) a performance(表演) of Carmen . In most cases you will get what you expect(期待) : A man-eating vamp(翻新的東西) that moves like a tigress. Piercing(尖利) eyes, hands on swinging(擺動) hips(臀部), moving slowly as she closes in(收盤) on her prey(獵物) . Dangerous, seductive(誘人) , lascivious(淫蕩) , irresistible(不可抗拒) . And very “Spanish”.


卡門不僅是一個最普遍，並且多數執行的歌劇，也是在歌劇歷史中一塊最壞的鉛板。你在哪個國家參加卡門的表演這並不重要 。在大多數情況下你會得到你所期望：一個人為了翻新的東西，舉動像一隻母老虎。她在結束她的獵物前，犀利目光，雙手在臀部上擺動，緩緩移動。危險，誘人，淫蕩，不可阻擋。而且非常“西班牙”。



Story :

The story of the opera sees a corporal(下士) in the army(軍隊) fall in love with an imprisoned(監禁) cigarette factory(捲菸廠) worker, the beautiful gypsy Carmen. Having fallen under her spell(輪班) , Don Jose is persuaded to(說服) help her escape but in doing so(這樣做) , lands(土地) himself in prison(監獄) for a month.

Unable to(無法) stay out(避開) of trouble with his commanding officer(指揮官) , Don Jose ends up(最終) running away with Carmen to the mountains with a group of smugglers(走私集團) . Jealous of(忌妒) her suitors(追求者) , increasingly(越來越多) arguing(爭論) with Carmen and finding their love waning(減弱) , the arrival of Escamillo the famous toreador(鬥牛士) , also in love with Carmen, leads to(導致) a fight between the two men for her favour(偏愛) .

Seething(沸騰) with jealousy(嫉妒) and anger, Don Jose’s actions(行動) lead to a powerful(強大) , tragic(悲慘) conclusion(結局) .


這個歌劇的故事是一個軍隊下士愛上一個被監禁的捲菸廠工人，美麗的吉普賽卡門。曾出現在她的輪班，唐霍塞幫助、說服她逃走，但在這樣做時，使自己被關上一個月。

無法避開的麻煩與指揮官，唐霍塞最終帶著卡門與走私集團上山。唐霍塞忌妒卡門的追求者，和卡門有越來越多地爭辯，而且發現他們的愛逐漸消退，到達埃斯卡米洛，著名的鬥牛士也愛上了卡門，導致他們為了得到卡門的愛而打架。

沸騰的嫉妒和憤怒，唐何塞的行動導致一個強大的悲慘結局。

MI's majors

MI's majors : bass . guitar . keyboard . drums(鼓) . voice . audio engineering(音樂工程) . independent artist(獨立音樂製作) . music business(音樂行銷) . guitar craft (製作手工吉他). music video ,film & TV(音樂錄影帶&電影配樂) .

1.BASS

MI's Bass(低音樂器) programs(課程) (founded(成立) as the Bass Institute(研究所) of Technology/BIT) have been setting(制定) the standard(標準) for contemporary(當代的) bass education for over three decades(30年). Under the direction(方向 領域) of a world-class(世界級國際水準的) teaching staff (職員)of professional bassists(低音樂器) , you develop(技術成長) the techniques(技術) , musicianship(音樂才能) , and playing experience to handle any style from funk to rock, jazz, Latin, R&B and more while you also unlock(開啟) your unique(獨一無二) playing style. MI's performing opportunities are unmatched(無法相比) by any bass school in the world, and graduates are anchoring(以…維生) rhythm(旋律) sections(部分) around the world(世界各地) .

MI的低音樂器(Bass)課程 制定課程教育內容的標準已有30年之久，在這方面MI學校有世界級水準的專業低音樂器(professional bassists)教師，能使你技術更加進步，使你的音樂才能跟演奏經驗能掌握任何音樂風格！從放克(funk)到搖滾(rock)等。MI的演出機會是無法跟任何音樂學校相比的，畢業後你能以再MI學校所學的專業部分在世界各地音樂領域生存。

source:   www.mi.edu/

Theme song

變型金剛2電影主題曲 - Linkin Park - "New Divide"


source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_Song

Theme song：In the film, television, animation, stage plays and other works, used to represent the major works of music or songs.

是在電影、電視劇、動畫、舞台戲劇等作品中，用來代表作品的主要樂曲或歌曲。





In general, the theme song(主題曲) is the Opening theme(片頭曲);but sometimes the theme song is another one, rather than Opening theme; and sometimes Ending theme(片尾曲)(or Insertion Song(插曲)) is also seen as the theme song.
 
一般而言，主題曲是指片頭曲；但有時主題曲是另外一首，而非片頭曲；而且有時片尾曲（或插曲）也被視為主題曲。





Opening theme (片頭曲，簡稱OP，也就是動畫開始時播放的歌曲。)

Ending theme (片尾曲，簡稱ED，也就是動畫完結時播放的歌曲。)

Background Music (背景音樂，簡稱BGM)

Insertion Song (插曲，簡稱IN，加插於動畫內的音樂．也可為背景音樂。)
ex：海賊王 - 平克斯的酒

ORIGINAL VIDEO ANIMATION

《北斗神拳》OVA《多基傳》

(圖)

source:http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/OVA

Original video animation(原創動畫錄影帶), abbreviated OVA(Original video animation 原創動畫錄影帶) (and sometimes as OAV by English-speakers), is a term originating from Japanese animation (anime) for animated films and series made specially for release in home-video formats. The majority are released direct-to-video, without prior showings on TV or in theatres, however, there may be very rare occasions where, for example, the first part of an OVA series is broadcast for promotional purposes. OVA titles were originally made available on VHS(Video Home System家用錄像系統), later becoming more popular on LaserDisc and eventually DVD(Digital Versatile Disc光碟存儲器). Some DVD releases are called OADs (original animation DVDs)

原創動畫錄影帶( Original video animation)，縮寫了 OVA（和有時當做 OAV 由英語－說者）, 是一個期限為活生生的影片起於日本動畫 ，而且系列以家庭錄影帶的格式特別地有益於釋放。



The first OVA(Original video animation原創動畫錄影帶 ) is from 1983 announce up to now through already 16 years, it occupies a count for much position in Man history in moving of Japan, in various move the Man news, we will see the information concerning it.

第一套OVA從1983年推出至今經已有16年的歷史了，它在日本的動漫歷史中佔據著非常重要的地位，在各種動漫消息中，我們都會看到有關它的資訊。


And"V" in OVA also indicate generally all reflect to bring/the media of the LD/VCD/DVD isn't only in the light of to record to reflect to bring(錄映帶).
The OVA length is free from restriction, freeer, an animation, grow an article of at 40-50 minutes, 20-30 minutes of short piece.
On the other hand, OVA to should of the audience face more narrow, the pressure manufacturing to face is smaller, time is more lenient, make the fabricator be able to well display boxing feet,
The adoption lately takes a technique, the new script (腳本)constitutes to look for breakthrough, in the meantime, OVA also became to whet to do New appointee and scoop out the new talent's good place, have many excellent directs to pay a way from OVA,
A fascinating of OVA usually is put into fabricator tremendous of enthusiasm and creations desire and manufacture come out of, even can say is take infinite pains,

The history ascends the first of OVA work in order to escort well to guard to direct, by ten thousand generation publish in 1983 of 《Dallos》
May have another more early OVA in 1981

史上第一套的OVA作品為押井守執導，由萬代於1983年發行的《Dallos》

在 1981年可能有另一部更早的 OVA